Pelvis

Pelvis

Indication:

Ø  Fractures

Ø  Trauma

Ø  Dislocation and subluxation

Ø  Congenital abnormalities

Basic View:

1)      Anteroposterior :

·         patient lies supine with the legs extended

·         legs are slightly internally rotated If possible

·         ASIS should be equidistant from the cassette

       Centre in the midline, 5 cm (2 inch) below the anterior superior iliac spines.

Supplementary views:

1)      Lateral:

·         From the AP position patient is placed laterally with the legs extended

·         A pad can placed between the knee to attend the actual lateral position

·         Can be done in standing position with horizontal beam

     Centre to the upper border of femoral head

Ilium

Posterior oblique:

·         If the condition of patient allows, he is rotated 35 degree towards the side being examined.

·         Knee of that side is flexed and the limb rotated outwards and supported.

      Centre to the iliac fossa

Symphysis pubis

1)       AP supine:

·         Position same as AP view of pelvis

2)        AP erect:  (to investigate subluxation following pregnancy)

·         Patient stands with her back against the Bucky

·         Two radiographs are taken with the weight on the alternate feet   

  Centre to symphysis pubis

Multiple radiography

Multiple radiography

It is a technique in which two or more radiographs are produced by a single exposure.

Advantages:

Ø  Duplication of films

Ø  Any examination where both bone and soft tissue detail  is required

Ø  Investigation of placental site

Ø  Demonstration of trachea both suprasternally and retrosternally in lateral view of thoracic inlet

Ø  Reduction in patient dose

Ø  Multi section tomography

Ø  Process of spines in lateral views

Prepared by:

Sarose Bhandari

Macroradigraphy

Macroradigraphy

It is the production of the enlarged image by x ray magnification. The divergence of the beam from a small source is used to magnify the image geometrically.

Requirements:

Ø  Fine focus of 0.1mm2 or less is ideal but 0.3mm2 focus can be considered as well

Ø  Short exposure time 

Principles:

The degree of magnification obtained by the macroradiography depends on the ration of focus- film distance to focus-object distance.

Magnification: size of image/size of object

Magnification: focus-film distance/focus-object distance

If the object is midway between the focus and the film the magnification on the radiograph is  twice then the orginal one i.e *2.

Uses:

Ø  In dacrocystography

Ø  In sailography

Ø  In skeletal views i.e carpal and tarsal bone particularly

Ø  Investigation of temporal bones

Ø  Investigation on neonatal heart disease

Microfocal macroradiography:

If higher digree of magnification i.e >*2  are required,microfocal tube with focal spot of between 10µ and 25µ is used which enables magnification up to *100 and *4 relatively.

Microradiography:

Microradiography is a term use for the radiographic examination of microscopic structures, e.g  specimens of breast following surgery.

A focal spot of less than 100µ is used and can demonstrate calcification as small as 2µ.

Preapared by:

Sarose Bhandari